Electricity & Energy explores how electricity flows through circuits and how energy moves and changes form. Students learn how electrical current powers devices and how simple and parallel circuits work. They also investigate how light and heat energy interact with materials, including how color affects energy absorption.

Energy Transfer examines how energy moves between objects and changes form. Students learn how forces, motion, and gravity affect moving objects and how potential energy can convert into kinetic energy. They also investigate how solar energy can be captured and used to power devices.

Waves explores how energy travels through sound and light waves. Students learn how waves move through different materials, how sound waves reflect to create echoes, and how light waves can reflect, refract, or scatter. They also investigate how waves are used in technology and communication, including coding and digital systems.

In this unit, students learn how structures in plants, animals, and the human body support survival and movement. They explore how features like leaf surfaces, joints, muscles, and eyes help organisms interact with their environments. Students also investigate adaptations such as bioluminescence and how body systems respond to their surroundings.

Earth's Processes explores how natural forces shape and change Earth's surface over time. Students learn about the rock cycle, different types of rocks, and how weathering and erosion break down and move materials. They also investigate crater formation and watersheds to understand how impacts and flowing water shape the land.

Earth & Human Activity focuses on how human actions affect Earth's systems and environments. Students learn how fossil fuels form and how their use impacts the atmosphere and oceans. They also investigate environmental challenges such as oil spills and earthquakes while exploring solutions engineers and scientists design to protect people and ecosystems.